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2022/23 Tyre Reviews Winter Tyre Test

Compare each discipline in the tested size. See the measured result, position and gap to the best tyre, then read the verdict for the trade-offs behind the finishing order.

Tested size
225/45 R17
Tyres tested
9
Disciplines
15

Read the measurements, not just the rank

Lower is better for braking distances and lap times; higher is better for subjective scores and aquaplaning speed. Bars start at zero. Read the gap alongside the position: adjacent tyres can be separated by very different margins.

Positions and gaps always refer to the full test field within each group. Selecting tyres does not recalculate rankings or change the best-in-test benchmark.

Dry

3

Dry Braking

Dry braking in meters (100 - 5 km/h)

Lower is better ↓
Dry Braking
Position / TyreResultGap to bestResidual speed
36.6 m Best 0 km/h
36.9 m +0.30 m 12 km/h
37.5 m +0.90 m 20 km/h
37.6 m +1.00 m 21 km/h
37.8 m +1.20 m 23 km/h
38.4 m +1.80 m 28 km/h
39.2 m +2.60 m 33 km/h
39.4 m +2.80 m 35 km/h
39.4 m +2.80 m 35 km/h

The difference between best and worst was 7.7% (2.8 m ≈ 0.6 Car Lengths). From 130 km/h, the Bridgestone Blizzak LM005 would still be travelling at 35 km/h when the Michelin Alpin 6 had stopped.

Residual speed is calculated from the measured braking distances, assuming constant deceleration; it is not a separate measurement.

Dry Handling

Dry handling time in seconds

Lower is better ↓
Dry Handling
Position / TyreResultGap to best
79.8 s Best
79.9 s +0.10 s
79.9 s +0.10 s
80.2 s +0.40 s
80.3 s +0.50 s
80.4 s +0.60 s
80.7 s +0.90 s
80.7 s +0.90 s
81.9 s +2.10 s

All the tyres in the Dry Handling test finished less than 3% apart.

Subj. Dry Handling

Subjective Dry Handling Score

Higher is better ↑
Subj. Dry Handling
Position / TyreResultGap to best
100 Points Best
95 Points -5.00 Points
90 Points -10.00 Points
90 Points -10.00 Points
90 Points -10.00 Points
85 Points -15.00 Points
85 Points -15.00 Points
80 Points -20.00 Points
70 Points -30.00 Points

The difference between best and worst was 30% (30 Points).

Wet

5

Wet Braking

Wet braking in meters (80 - 5 km/h)

Lower is better ↓
Wet Braking
Position / TyreResultGap to bestResidual speed
27.3 m Best 0 km/h
27.6 m +0.30 m 14 km/h
28.2 m +0.90 m 23 km/h
29.5 m +2.20 m 36 km/h
30.4 m +3.10 m 42 km/h
31.8 m +4.50 m 49 km/h
32.3 m +5.00 m 51 km/h
34.8 m +7.50 m 60 km/h
39.5 m +12.20 m 72 km/h

The difference between best and worst was 44.7% (12.2 m ≈ 2.7 Car Lengths). From 130 km/h, the Petlas Snow Master W651 would still be travelling at 72 km/h when the Bridgestone Blizzak LM005 had stopped.

Residual speed is calculated from the measured braking distances, assuming constant deceleration; it is not a separate measurement.

Wet Handling

Wet handling time in seconds

Lower is better ↓
Wet Handling
Position / TyreResultGap to best
97 s Best
97.7 s +0.70 s
98.8 s +1.80 s
99 s +2.00 s
99 s +2.00 s
100.6 s +3.60 s
102.2 s +5.20 s
102.8 s +5.80 s
111.8 s +14.80 s

The difference between best and worst was 15.3% (14.8 s).

Subj. Wet Handling

Subjective Wet Handling Score

Higher is better ↑
Subj. Wet Handling
Position / TyreResultGap to best
100 Points Best
100 Points Best
95 Points -5.00 Points
90 Points -10.00 Points
90 Points -10.00 Points
85 Points -15.00 Points
85 Points -15.00 Points
85 Points -15.00 Points
10 Points -90.00 Points

The difference between best and worst was 90% (90 Points).

Straight Aqua

Float Speed in Km/H

Higher is better ↑
Straight Aqua
Position / TyreResultGap to best
83.5 km/h Best
82.4 km/h -1.10 km/h
81.8 km/h -1.70 km/h
81.3 km/h -2.20 km/h
80 km/h -3.50 km/h
79.9 km/h -3.60 km/h
78.9 km/h -4.60 km/h
76.9 km/h -6.60 km/h
71.2 km/h -12.30 km/h

The difference between best and worst was 14.7% (12.3 Km/H).

Curved Aquaplaning

Remaining lateral acceleration

Higher is better ↑
Curved Aquaplaning
Position / TyreResultGap to best
8.1 m/sec2 Best
8 m/sec2 -0.10 m/sec2
7.6 m/sec2 -0.50 m/sec2
7.3 m/sec2 -0.80 m/sec2
7.1 m/sec2 -1.00 m/sec2
7.1 m/sec2 -1.00 m/sec2
6.8 m/sec2 -1.30 m/sec2
6.5 m/sec2 -1.60 m/sec2
4.8 m/sec2 -3.30 m/sec2

The difference between best and worst was 40.7% (3.3 m/sec2).

Snow

4

Snow Braking

Snow braking in meters (45 - 5 km/h)

Lower is better ↓
Snow Braking
Position / TyreResultGap to bestResidual speed
27.2 m Best 0 km/h
27.2 m Best 0 km/h
27.8 m +0.60 m 19 km/h
27.8 m +0.60 m 19 km/h
28.9 m +1.70 m 32 km/h
29.1 m +1.90 m 33 km/h
29.3 m +2.10 m 35 km/h
29.4 m +2.20 m 36 km/h
29.6 m +2.40 m 37 km/h

The difference between best and worst was 8.8% (2.4 m ≈ 0.5 Car Lengths). From 130 km/h, the Michelin Alpin 6 would still be travelling at 37 km/h when the Kleber Krisalp HP3 had stopped.

Residual speed is calculated from the measured braking distances, assuming constant deceleration; it is not a separate measurement.

Snow Traction

Snow acceleration time (5 - 40 km/h)

Lower is better ↓
Snow Traction
Position / TyreResultGap to best
4.7 s Best
4.7 s Best
4.9 s +0.20 s
5.1 s +0.40 s
5.1 s +0.40 s
5.1 s +0.40 s
5.1 s +0.40 s
5.4 s +0.70 s
5.4 s +0.70 s

The difference between best and worst was 14.9% (0.7 s).

Snow Handling

Snow handling time in seconds

Lower is better ↓
Snow Handling
Position / TyreResultGap to best
112.2 s Best
113.3 s +1.10 s
113.6 s +1.40 s
114.9 s +2.70 s
115.6 s +3.40 s
116.2 s +4.00 s
116.5 s +4.30 s
116.5 s +4.30 s
118.5 s +6.30 s

The difference between best and worst was 5.6% (6.3 s).

Subj. Snow Handling

Subjective Snow Handling Score

Higher is better ↑
Subj. Snow Handling
Position / TyreResultGap to best
100 Points Best
100 Points Best
100 Points Best
95 Points -5.00 Points
90 Points -10.00 Points
90 Points -10.00 Points
90 Points -10.00 Points
85 Points -15.00 Points
85 Points -15.00 Points

The difference between best and worst was 15% (15 Points).

Comfort

2

Subj. Comfort

Subjective Comfort Score

Higher is better ↑
Subj. Comfort
Position / TyreResultGap to best
100 Points Best
100 Points Best
100 Points Best
90 Points -10.00 Points
90 Points -10.00 Points
90 Points -10.00 Points
90 Points -10.00 Points
90 Points -10.00 Points
85 Points -15.00 Points

The difference between best and worst was 15% (15 Points).

Noise

Internal noise in dB

Lower is better ↓
Noise
Position / TyreResultGap to best
68.5 dB Best
68.9 dB +0.40 dB
69.1 dB +0.60 dB
69.2 dB +0.70 dB
69.3 dB +0.80 dB
69.5 dB +1.00 dB
69.6 dB +1.10 dB
69.8 dB +1.30 dB
69.8 dB +1.30 dB

All the tyres in the Noise test finished less than 3% apart.

Value

1

Rolling Resistance

Rolling resistance in kg t

Lower is better ↓
Rolling Resistance
Position / TyreResultGap to bestExtra fuel / year
6.7 kg/t Best £0
8 kg/t +1.30 kg/t £86
8.2 kg/t +1.50 kg/t £99
8.4 kg/t +1.70 kg/t £112
8.8 kg/t +2.10 kg/t £138
8.8 kg/t +2.10 kg/t £138
8.9 kg/t +2.20 kg/t £145
9.1 kg/t +2.40 kg/t £158
9.2 kg/t +2.50 kg/t £164

The difference between best and worst was 37.3% (2.5 kg / t). Over 19,000 km a year at £1.45/L, the Vredestein Wintrac Pro uses about 113 L (£164) more fuel than the Petlas Snow Master W651.

Adjust the assumptions

Calculated estimates, not additional measurements. Use the controls to explore the assumptions. These calculators use the full test field, independently of your tyre selection above.

19,000 km
£1.45/L
Estimates based on typical driving conditions. Rolling resistance accounts for approximately 20% of IC vehicle fuel consumption and 25% of EV energy consumption. Actual savings vary based on driving style, vehicle weight, road conditions, and tyre age. For comparative purposes only. Lifetime savings based on a 40,000km / 25,000 mile tread life.

Test setup & methodology

The test setting, the conditions recorded and how the results contribute to the score.

Show full testing methodology

Recorded test conditions

Dry Braking
100 → 5 km/h
Wet Braking
80 → 5 km/h
Snow Braking
45 → 5 km/h
Snow Traction
5 → 40 km/h

Score Weighting

Weights express the scoring priorities, not how much each discipline actually changed the finishing order. The size of the performance gaps matters too. Category weights contribute to the overall score. Within each category, discipline weights divide that category’s share. Published finishing positions also need to be read alongside the editorial verdict.

TestWithin categoryShare of overall score
Dry · 20%
Dry Braking55%11%
Dry Handling40%8%
Subj. Dry Handling5%1%
Wet · 35%
Wet Braking50%17.5%
Wet Handling25%8.75%
Subj. Wet Handling5%1.75%
Straight Aqua10%3.5%
Curved Aquaplaning10%3.5%
Snow · 30%
Snow Braking44.4%13.33%
Snow Traction11.1%3.33%
Snow Handling33.3%10%
Subj. Snow Handling11.1%3.33%
Comfort · 5%
Subj. Comfort50%2.5%
Noise50%2.5%
Value · 10%
Rolling Resistance100%10%

Our standard methods

The conditions above are recorded for this test. The descriptions below explain our standard procedures; measurement windows and run counts can vary by test.

Dry Braking

For dry braking, I drive the test vehicle at an entry speed of 110 km/h and apply full braking effort to a standstill with ABS active on clean, dry asphalt. I typically use an 100–5 km/h measurement window. My standard programme is five runs per tyre set where possible, although the sequence can extend to as many as fifteen runs if conditions and tyre category justify it. I analyse the full set of runs and discard statistical outliers before averaging. Reference tyres are run repeatedly throughout the session to correct for changing conditions.

Dry Handling

For dry handling, I drive at the limit of adhesion around a dedicated handling circuit with ESC disabled where possible so I can assess the tyre's natural balance, transient response, and limit behaviour without electronic intervention masking the result. I usually complete between two and five timed laps per tyre set, depending on the circuit, tyre type, and consistency of conditions. I exclude laps affected by clear driver error or obvious environmental inconsistency. Control runs are carried out frequently throughout the session, and I often use multiple sets of control tyres so that wear on the references does not become a meaningful variable. For more track-focused products, I also do endurance testing, which is a set number of laps at race pace to determine tire wear patterns and heat resistance over longer driving.

Subj. Dry Handling

I also carry out a structured subjective handling assessment at the limit of adhesion on a dedicated dry handling circuit. I score steering precision, steering response, turn-in behaviour, mid-corner balance, corner-exit traction, breakaway characteristics, and overall confidence using a standardised 1–10 scale used consistently across my testing. The final assessment combines numeric scoring with written technical commentary. I complete familiarisation laps on the control tyre before evaluating each candidate.

Wet Braking

For wet braking, I drive the test vehicle at an entry speed of 88 km/h and apply full braking effort to a standstill with ABS active on an asphalt surface with a controlled water film. I typically use an 80–5 km/h measurement window to isolate tyre performance from variability in the initial brake application. My standard programme is eight runs per tyre set where possible, although the sequence can extend to as many as fifteen runs if conditions and tyre category justify it. I analyse the full set of runs and discard statistical outliers before averaging. To correct for changing conditions, I run reference tyres repeatedly throughout the session — in wet testing, typically every three candidate test sets.

Wet Handling

For wet handling, I drive at the limit of adhesion around a dedicated handling circuit. I generally use specialist wet circuits with kerb-watering systems designed to maintain a consistent surface condition. ESC is disabled where possible so I can assess the tyre's natural balance, transient response, and limit behaviour without electronic intervention masking the result. I usually complete between two and five timed laps per tyre set, depending on the circuit, tyre type, and consistency of conditions. I exclude laps affected by clear driver error or obvious environmental inconsistency. Control runs are carried out frequently throughout the session, and I often use multiple sets of control tyres so that wear on the references does not become a meaningful variable.

Subj. Wet Handling

I also carry out a structured subjective handling assessment at the limit of adhesion on a dedicated wet handling circuit. I score steering precision, steering response, turn-in behaviour, mid-corner balance, aquaplaning resistance, breakaway characteristics, and overall confidence using a standardised 1–10 scale used consistently across my testing. The final assessment combines numeric scoring with written technical commentary. I complete familiarisation laps on the control tyre before evaluating each candidate.

Straight Aqua

To measure straight-line aquaplaning resistance, I drive one side of the vehicle through a water trough of controlled depth, typically around 7 mm, while the opposite side remains on dry pavement. I enter at a fixed speed and then accelerate progressively. I define aquaplaning onset as the point at which the wheel travelling through the water exceeds a specified slip threshold relative to the dry-side reference wheel. I usually perform four runs per tyre set and average the valid results.

Curved Aquaplaning

For curved aquaplaning, I use a circular track, typically around 100 metres in diameter, with a flooded arc of controlled water depth, usually about 7 mm. The vehicle is instrumented with GPS telemetry and a tri-axial accelerometer. I drive through the flooded section at progressively increasing speed, typically in 5 km/h increments, and record the minimum sustained lateral acceleration at each step. The test continues until lateral acceleration collapses, indicating complete aquaplaning. The result is expressed as remaining lateral acceleration in m/s² as speed rises.

Snow Braking

For snow braking, I drive the test vehicle at an entry speed of 50 km/h and apply full braking effort to a standstill with ABS active on a groomed, compacted snow surface, measuring 45-5 km/h. I generally use a wide VDA (vehicle dynamic area) and progressively move across the surface between runs so that no tyre ever brakes on the same piece of snow twice. My standard programme is twelve runs per tyre set, although the sequence can extend further if the data justify it. I analyse the full set of runs and discard statistical outliers before averaging. The surface is regularly groomed throughout the session. To correct for changing snow surface conditions, I run reference tyres repeatedly — typically every two candidate test sets.

Snow Traction

For snow traction, I accelerate the vehicle from rest on a groomed snow surface with traction control active and measure speed and time using GPS telemetry. I typically use a 5–35 km/h measurement window to reduce the influence of launch transients and powertrain irregularities. I use a wide VDA (vehicle dynamic area) and progressively move across the surface between runs so that no tyre ever accelerates on the same piece of snow twice. The surface is regularly groomed throughout the session. I complete multiple runs per tyre set and average the valid results. Reference tyres are run typically every two candidate test sets to correct for changing snow surface conditions.

Snow Handling

For snow handling, I drive at the limit of adhesion around a dedicated snow handling circuit with ESC disabled where possible. The circuit is groomed and prepared after every run while tyres are being changed, so each set runs on a consistently prepared surface. I usually complete between two and five timed laps per tyre set, excluding laps affected by clear driver error or obvious environmental inconsistency. Because snow surfaces degrade more rapidly than asphalt, control runs are carried out more frequently — typically every two candidate test sets.

Subj. Snow Handling

I also carry out a structured subjective handling assessment at the limit of adhesion on a dedicated snow handling circuit. The circuit is groomed and prepared after every run while tyres are being changed, so each set runs on a consistently prepared surface. I score steering precision, turn-in behaviour, mid-corner balance, corner-exit traction, breakaway characteristics, and overall confidence on snow using a standardised 1–10 scale used consistently across my testing. The final assessment combines numeric scoring with written technical commentary. I complete familiarisation laps on the control tyre before evaluating each candidate.

Subj. Comfort

To assess comfort, I drive on a wide range of road surfaces (often dedicated comfort tracks at test facilities) at speeds from 50 to 120 km/h, including smooth motorway, coarse surfaces, expansion joints, broken pavement, and sharp-edged obstacles. I evaluate primary ride quality, secondary ride quality, impact harshness, seat-transmitted vibration, and the tyre's ability to absorb sharp inputs. Ratings are assigned on a 1–10 scale relative to the reference tyre.

Noise

For cabin noise assessment, I drive at controlled speeds, typically 50, 80, 100, and 120 km/h, on NVH test surfaces with defined texture characteristics. Calibrated microphones are positioned at ear height within the cabin. Measurements are taken using A-weighting, with one-third octave analysis where required to identify tonal features such as cavity resonance. Windows remain closed, ventilation is off, and ambient conditions are controlled so the data reflects the tyre rather than external interference.

Rolling Resistance

Rolling resistance is measured under controlled laboratory conditions in accordance with ISO 28580 and UNECE Regulation 117 Annex 6. The tyre is mounted on a test wheel and loaded against a large-diameter steel drum. After thermal stabilisation at the prescribed test speed, rolling resistance force is measured at the spindle and corrected according to the relevant procedure. The result is expressed as rolling resistance coefficient, typically in kg/tonne.

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