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Reference Winter

This tyre is an unknown winter tyre used in tyre tests to benchmark winter tyre performance against all season and summer tyres.

There will be no reviews for this tyre as it is not a real product, just a benchmark reference.

7.5
Tyre Reviews Score Based on Professional Tests
High Confidence View Breakdown
Dry Grip
0%
Wet Grip
0%
Road Feedback
0%
Handling
0%
Wear
0%
Comfort
0%
Buy again
0%
Snow Grip
0%
Ice Grip
0%
29 Tests (avg: 13th)
Reference Winter

Reference Winter

Winter Budget
BETA
7.5 / 10
Based on Professional Tests · High Confidence · Updated 23 Feb 2026

The Tyre Reviews Score is the most comprehensive tyre scoring system available. It aggregates professional test data from multiple independent publications, user reviews, and consistency analysis using Bayesian statistical methods, weighted normalisation, and recency-adjusted scoring to produce a single, reliable performance rating.

Learn more about our methodology
Ice
100
1.2x / 1 test
Snow
98.7
1.5x / 60 tests
Wet
67.9
1.93x / 86 tests
Comfort
65.8
0.32x / 25 tests
Value
59.5
0.42x / 25 tests
Dry
47.7
1.13x / 50 tests

Cross-category scores are derived metrics that combine data from multiple test disciplines to evaluate real-world performance characteristics.

Traction
98.1
12 tests
Braking
71.8
75 tests
Handling
70
69 tests
Score Components
Professional Tests
Weight: 80%
Tests: 38
Publications: 8
Period: 2017 - 2025
User Reviews
Weight: 15%
Reviews: 0
Avg Rating: 0%
Min Required: 5
Consistency
Weight: 5%
Score Std Dev: 0.42
History Points: 10
Methodology & Configuration
Scoring Process
  1. Collect Test Data: Gather results from professional tyre tests across multiple publications. Minimum 1 test(s) required.
  2. Normalize Positions: Convert test positions to percentile scores using exponential weighting (factor: 1.2).
  3. Apply Recency Weighting: More recent tests are weighted higher with a decay rate of 0.95.
  4. Incorporate User Reviews: Factor in user review data (minimum 5 reviews). Weight: 15%.
  5. Bayesian Smoothing: Apply Bayesian prior (score: 7, weight: 1.5) to prevent extreme scores with limited data.
  6. Calculate Final Score: Combine all components using normalization factor of 1.1. Max score with limited data: 9.5.
Component Weights
Test Data
80%
User Reviews
15%
Consistency
5%
All Configuration Parameters
ParameterValueDescription
safety_weight 0.7 Weight multiplier for safety-related metrics
performance_weight 0.55 Weight multiplier for performance metrics
comfort_weight 0.4 Weight multiplier for comfort metrics
value_weight 0.45 Weight multiplier for value-for-money metrics
user_reviews_weight 0.15 How much user reviews contribute to the final score
test_data_weight 0.8 How much professional test data contributes to the final score
consistency_weight 0.05 How much score consistency contributes to the final score
recency_decay_rate 0.95 Rate at which older test results lose influence (higher = slower decay)
min_test_count 1 Minimum number of professional tests required
min_review_count 5 Minimum number of user reviews required
score_version 1.9 Current version of the scoring algorithm
score_normalization_factor 1.1 Factor used to normalize raw scores to the 0-10 scale
confidence_factor_weight 0.2 How much data confidence affects the final score
position_penalty_weight 0.2 Penalty applied for poor test positions
gap_penalty_threshold 12 Score gap (%) that triggers additional penalties
min_metrics_count 2 Minimum number of test metrics needed per test
limited_data_threshold 2 Number of tests below which data is considered limited
single_test_penalty 0.75 Score multiplier when only one test is available
critical_metric_penalty 0.7 Penalty for poor performance on critical safety metrics
critical_metric_threshold 70 Score below which a critical metric penalty applies
position_exponential_factor 1.2 Exponent used to amplify position-based scoring
position_exponential_threshold 0.9 Position percentile below which exponential scoring applies
gap_multiplier_critical 3 Multiplier for critical gap penalties
max_category_weight 2 Maximum weight any single category can have
max_score_limited_data 9.5 Score cap when data is limited
bayesian_prior_weight 1.5 Weight of the Bayesian prior in smoothing
bayesian_prior_score 7 Prior score used for Bayesian smoothing
evidence_test_multiplier 1.9 Multiplier for test evidence in confidence calculation
evidence_metric_divisor 3 Divisor for metric count in evidence calculation
evidence_review_divisor 10 Divisor for review count in evidence calculation
combined_penalty_floor 0.2
Data Sources
TestPublicationDateSizePositionMetrics
2025 Autobild Crossover SUV All Season Test Auto Bild Sportscars 2025 215/50 R18 11/12 12 metrics
2025 Auto Bild Sports Car All Season Tyre Test Auto Bild Sportscars 2025 225/45 R18 11/12 13 metrics
2025 Autobild SUV All Season Tyre Test Auto Bild Allrad 2025 215/55 R17 12/13 13 metrics
2025 AutoBild All Season Tyre Test Auto Bild 2025 225/40 R18 16/17 13 metrics
2025 Auto Bild All Season Camper Van Tyre Test Auto Bild 2025 245/45 R18 10/11 13 metrics
2024 Auto Bild SUV All Season Tyre Test Auto Bild Allrad 2024 245/45 R18 11/12 13 metrics
2024 AutoBild All Season Tyre Test Auto Bild 2024 225/50 R17 16/17 13 metrics
2024 Minivan / SUV All Season Tyre Test Auto Bild Allrad 2024 235/55 R17 13/14 12 metrics
The Best All Season Tyres for 2024 / 2025 Tyre Reviews 2024 235/35 R19 8/9 14 metrics
2024 Sports Car All Season Tyre Test Auto Bild Sportscars 2024 225/40 R18 12/13 13 metrics
2023 Auto Bild All Season Tyre Test Auto Bild 2023 225/45 R17 17/18 13 metrics
2023 SUV All Season Tyre Test Auto Bild 2023 235/65 R17 11/12 13 metrics
2022 Auto Bild All Season Tyre Test Auto Bild 2022 195/55 R16 16/17 13 metrics
2022 All Season Tyre Market Overview Auto Bild 2022 195/55 R16 37/37 2 metrics
2022 Auto Bild SUV All Season Tyre Test Auto Bild Allrad 2022 225/50 R18 12/13 13 metrics
2021 Auto Bild All Season Tyre Test Auto Bild 2021 225/50 R17 17/18 12 metrics
2021 All Season Tyre Market Overview Auto Bild 2021 225/50 R17 33/34 2 metrics
2021 Tyre Reviews All Season Tyre Test Tyre Reviews 2021 205/55 R16 10/11 14 metrics
2021 Auto Bild SUV All Season Tyre Test Auto Bild Allrad 2021 215/65 R17 11/12 11 metrics
2020 Auto Bild SUV All Season Tyre Test Auto Bild 2020 215/60 R16 12/13 10 metrics
2020 Sport Auto All Season Tyre Test Sport Auto 2020 225/45 R18 8/9 9 metrics
2020 Auto Bild All Season Tyre Test Auto Bild 2020 205/55 R16 15/16 9 metrics
2020 All Season Tyre Market Overview - 32 Tyre Braking Test Auto Bild 2020 205/55 R16 33/33 2 metrics
2020 Tyre Reviews All Season Tyre Test Tyre Reviews 2020 225/45 R17 10/11 17 metrics
2020 ADAC SUV All Season Tyre Test ADAC 2020 235/55 R17 8/9 2 metrics
2020 AutoBild Van All Season Commercial Tyre Test Auto Bild 2020 235/65 R16 9/10 10 metrics
2019 Auto Bild 4x4 All Season Tyre Test Auto Bild Allrad 2019 235/65 R17 11/12 10 metrics
2019 Auto Bild All Season Tyre Test Auto Bild 2019 225/45 R17 11/12 9 metrics
2019 Auto Bild All Season SUV Tyre Test Auto Bild Allrad 2019 235/55 R19 8/9 9 metrics
2019 Summer and All Season Tyre Test Auto Navigator 2019 205/55 R16 16/18 5 metrics
2019 NAF Summer Tyre Test 2019 205/55 R16 8/8 7 metrics
2018 Auto Bild All Season Tyre Test Auto Bild 2018 195/65 R15 12/12 9 metrics
2018 New and Worn Summer Tyre Test Auto Navigator 2018 205/55 R16 13/17 5 metrics
2018 Auto Bild SUV All Season Tyre Test Auto Bild Allrad 2018 235/60 R18 9/10 10 metrics
2018 ADAC All Season Tyre Test ADAC 2018 175/65 R14 10/11 0 metrics
2017 Auto Express All Season Tyre Test Auto Express 2017 205/55 R16 9/10 0 metrics
2017 All Season Tyre Test Auto Bild 2017 205/55 R16 11/12 11 metrics
2017 Auto Bild All Season Tyre Test Auto Bild 2017 225/50 R17 9/10 7 metrics

Videos

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29
Tests
13th
Average
8th
Best
37th
Worst
Latest Tyre Test Results
12th/13
11th/12
Size Fuel Wet Noise
13 inch
155/80R13 79 T E C 71
14 inch
165/70 R 14 85 T XL D C 71
175/65 R 14 86 T XL D C 71
185/60 R 14 82 T D C 71
165/70 R 14 81 T E C 71
175/65 R 14 82 T E C 71
185/60 R 14 82 T E C 71
165/70 R14 81 T E C 71
185/70 R14 88 T E C 71
175/65 R14 82 T E C 71
185/60 R14 82 T E C 71
165/70 R14 81 T E C 71
185/70 R14 88 T E C 71
175/65 R14 82 T E C 71
185/60 R14 82 T E C 71
175/65R14 82 T E C 71
185/60R14 82 T E C 71
165/70R14 81 T E C 71
15 inch
185/65 R 15 92 T XL D C 71
195/65 R 15 95 H XL C C 72
185/65R15 92 T XL D C 71
195/65R15 95 T XL D C 72
185/65R15 88 T D C 70
195/65R15 91 H D C 72
195/55R15 85 H D C 72
195/65R15 91 T D C 72
185/65 R 15 88 T E C 71
195/65 R 15 91 T E C 72
195/55 R 15 85 T E C 72
195/55 R15 85 H E C 71
195/65 R15 91 T E C 72
185/65 R15 88 T E C 71
195/55 R15 85 H E C 71
195/65 R15 91 T E C 72
185/65 R15 88 T E C 71
195/65R15 95 T XL D C 72
195/65R15 91 H D C 72
185/65R15 88 T D C 70
195/65R15 91 T D C 72
195/55R15 85 H D C 72
185/65R15 92 T XL D C 71
195/65R15 95 T XL D C 72
185/65R15 92 T XL D C 71
195/65R15 91 T D C 72
195/55R15 85 H D C 72
195/65R15 91 H D C 72
185/65R15 88 T D C 70
185/65R15 92 T XL D C 71
195/65R15 91 H D C 72
195/55R15 85 H D C 72
185/65R15 88 T D C 70
195/65R15 95 T XL D C 72
195/65R15 91 T D C 72
195/65R15 91 T C C 70
195/65R15 91 H C C 70
195/55R15 89 H XL D C 72
195/65R15 95 T XL D C 72
195/65R15 91 T D C 72
185/65R15 88 H E C 71
195/55R15 85 H E C 72
195/65R15 95 T XL C C 71
185/65R15 92 T XL C C 70
195/65R15 91 T C C 70
195/65R15 95 T XL C C 71
195/65R15 91 H C C 70
16 inch
205/55 R 16 94 V XL C C 72
205/60 R 16 96 H XL D C 72
215/60 R 16 99 H XL D C 72
205/55R16 91 H D C 72
205/55R16 91 T D C 72
205/55R16 94 H XL D C 72
215/60R16 99 H XL D C 72
205/60R16 92 H D C 72
205/60R16 96 H XL D C 72
205/60 R 16 92 H E C 72
215/60 R 16 99 H XL E C 72
205/55 R 16 91 T E C 72
205/55 R16 91 H E C 72
205/60 R16 92 H E C 72
215/60 R16 99 H XL E C 72
205/55 R16 91 T E C 72
205/55 R16 91 H E C 72
205/60 R16 92 H E C 72
215/60 R16 99 H XL E C 72
205/55 R16 91 T E C 72
205/55R16 94 H XL D C 72
205/60R16 96 H XL D C 72
205/55R16 91 H D C 72
205/60R16 92 H D C 72
215/60R16 99 H XL D C 72
205/55R16 91 T D C 72
215/60R16 99 H XL D C 72
205/60R16 92 H D C 72
205/55R16 91 T D C 72
205/55R16 91 H D C 72
205/60R16 96 H XL D C 72
205/55R16 94 H XL D C 72
205/55R16 94 H XL D C 72
205/60R16 96 H XL D C 72
205/55R16 91 H D C 72
215/60R16 99 H XL D C 72
205/60R16 92 H D C 72
205/55R16 91 T D C 72
215/60R16 99 H XL C C 70
205/55R16 91 H D C 72
205/60R16 92 H D C 72
205/55R16 91 T D C 72
205/55R16 94 H XL D C 72
205/60R16 96 H XL D C 72
215/60R16 95 H D C 72
215/60R16 99 H XL D C 72
205/60R16 92 H C C 70
205/60R16 96 H XL C C 70
205/55R16 91 H C C 71
205/55R16 94 V XL C C 71
205/60R16 96 H XL C C 70
205/60R16 92 H C C 70
205/60R16 92 H C C 70
205/60R16 92 H C C 70
205/60R16 92 H C C 70
205/60R16 92 H C C 70
205/60R16 92 H C C 70
205/60R16 92 H C C 70
205/60R16 92 H C C 70
205/60R16 92 H C C 70
205/60R16 92 H C C 70
17 inch
215/55 R 17 98 V XL D C 72
225/45 R 17 94 V XL D C 72
225/50 R 17 98 V XL D C 72
235/65 R 17 108 V XL C C 72
235/65R17 108 V XL D D 71
225/60R17 99 V D D 71
215/45R17 91 V XL D C 72
225/45R17 94 V XL D C 72
225/50R17 94 H D C 72
205/50R17 93 V XL D C 72
215/55R17 94 H D C 72
225/45R17 91 H D C 72
225/45R17 94 H XL D C 72
215/55R17 98 V XL D C 72
225/50R17 98 V XL D C 72
225/50 R 17 98 V XL E C 72
225/45 R 17 91 H E C 72
215/55 R 17 98 V XL D C 72
225/45 R17 91 H E C 72
225/45 R17 91 H E C 72
205/50 R17 93 V XL E C 72
225/45R17 94 V XL D C 72
215/45R17 91 V XL D C 72
225/45R17 91 H D C 72
225/45R17 94 H XL D C 72
215/55R17 94 H D C 72
215/55R17 98 V XL D C 72
225/50R17 98 V XL D C 72
205/50R17 93 V XL D C 72
225/50R17 94 H D C 72
225/50R17 94 H D C 72
225/45R17 94 H XL D C 72
225/45R17 94 V XL D C 72
225/45R17 91 H D C 72
215/55R17 94 H D C 72
215/55R17 98 V XL D C 72
225/50R17 98 V XL D C 72
205/50R17 93 V XL D C 72
215/45R17 91 V XL D C 72
225/45R17 94 V XL D C 72
215/55R17 94 H D C 72
225/45R17 91 H D C 72
215/45R17 91 V XL D C 72
225/50R17 98 V XL D C 72
215/55R17 98 V XL D C 72
205/50R17 93 V XL D C 72
225/45R17 94 H XL D C 72
225/50R17 94 H D C 72
205/50R17 93 H XL D C 72
205/50R17 93 V XL C B 71
225/50R17 98 V XL C C 71
215/55R17 98 V XL C C 70
215/45R17 91 V XL D B 70
225/45R17 94 V XL C B 71
225/45R17 91 H C B 70
215/55R17 98 V XL C C 70
18 inch
225/40 R 18 92 V XL D C 72
235/60 R 18 107 V XL C C 72
245/40 R 18 97 V XL D C 72
245/45 R 18 100 V XL D C 72
245/45R18 100 V XL D D 72
225/40R18 92 V XL D C 72
245/40R18 97 V XL D C 72
245/45R18 100 V XL D C 72
225/40 R 18 92 V XL E C 72
245/45R18 100 V XL D C 72
225/40R18 92 V XL D C 72
245/40R18 97 V XL D C 72
245/40R18 97 V XL D C 72
245/45R18 100 V XL D C 72
225/40R18 92 V XL D C 72
245/45R18 100 V XL D C 72
225/40R18 92 V XL D C 72
245/40R18 97 V XL D C 72
225/40R18 92 V XL D B 71
245/40R18 97 V XL C C 71
245/45R18 100 V XL B C 71
245/45R18 100 V XL B C 71
225/40R18 92 V XL D B 71
19 inch
235/35R19 91 W XL C C 71
20 inch
255/45R20 105 V XL B C 71
View All Sizes and EU Label Scores for the Reference Winter >>

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